Signaling system.



0, P. NACHOD.

SIGNALING SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 18. 1914.

Patented Apr. 524, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

k y j 33 BY 5 J 4 ATTORNEY mn mmms psrsns co.. PNOYD-LIYNO. WASHING row, I: c.

C. P. NASH 0D.

SIGNALING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. i8 1914.

Patented Apr. 24, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

IN VEN TOR WITNESSE ATTORNEY and claimed.

U ITED STATES rA'rEN'r OFFICE.

CARL r. NACHOD,

OFjPHILAD ELPI-I IA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIeNon TO NAGHOD SIGNAL CQMPANY, INC., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

SIG ALING SYSTEM.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known'that I, CARL P. NAGHOD, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania,.have invented new and useful Improvements in Signaling Systems, of which the following fication. 1

invention relates toa system of signaling "used in connection with car or train movements on electric or other. railways, and more particularly to such railways as have single track sections or' blocks with turn-outs or sidings at various intervals for the passage of cars or trainsmoving in opposite directions. 1

My invention resides in a system of and apparatus for electric signaling in which thesignal control apparatus for the entire track section or block is located at one and thesame place; while the signals themselves are disposed'at' the ends of the track section or block; and my invention further resides in'such apparatus which is substantially a single apparatus controlled by symmetrical circuits from both ends of the track section or block.

--'My invention resides further in a signaling system in which a single set of signal-.

ing apparatus is used, as above "described,

and in which means are provided to insure.

that the signals shall be left in the same condition, after a car or train has improperly run onto a single track section or block against danger or prohibitive signal and has backed out again, as before said car'or train so improperly ran on to the-track section or block;

' My invention resides in the signaling system and apparatus hereinafter described For an illustration of one of various forms my invention may take reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, inwhichz I Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of circuits and apparatus embodying one form ofmy invention; Fig. 2 is a view of circuits and apparatus of another form my invention may take.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic is a speci 6, 7, respectively.

fragmentary diagrammatic,

Specification'of Letters Patent. Patented Apr, 24, 191% Application filed-March 18, 1914. Serial No. 825,468.

feeder therefor, of an electric railway system havinga single track section or block extending between the points 2 and 3 at which there'are turn-outs or sidings l, 5 and As well understood in the art, the conductor 1 is connected to a suitable source of current for supplying electric energy to the car ortraln motors, the return conductor for the current being the earth or track rails.

At or near each end of the block is pro- "vid d vehicle controlled contact mechanism whereby some member, such as a traveling contact or trolley wheel, on the moving car or train causes closure of signal control circuits. i

In the example of my invention here described and illustrated, these vehicle controlled contact mechanisms comprise the mechanism is described, it is to be understood that any other suitable directionally sensitive contacting or circuit controlling mechanism may be employed.

. The contact9 is connected through conductor 13 with the stationary contact or brush 14 bearing upon the conducting movable contact member 15 mounted with the insulating material 16 upon the rotatable shaft 17. In permanent electrical communication with the rotatable contact 15 is the conducting slip ring 18 upon which bears the brush 19 which connects through conductor 20 with itne terminal of the electromagnet A whose other terminal connects by conductor 21 to earth or return conductor E. The stationary contact 10 connects by conductor 22 with the stationary contact or brush 23 coiiperating with this same switch or switching mechanism. The conductor 13 connects also with stationary contact or brush 24, while conductor 22 connects also with stationary contact or brush 25, these brushes 24 and 25 eotiperating with the switch or switching mechanism similar to that before described and comprising the movable contact member 26, insulating material 27, slip ring 28 always in communication with contact 26, and brush 29 always maintaining electrical communication with ring 28. Brush 29 connects by conductor 30 with one terminal of the electro-magnet G whose other terminal connects by conductor 31 with earth or return conductor E.

Similarly stationary contact 11 communicates through conductor 32 with stationary contact or brush 33 of a similar switch or switching mechanism having the movable or rotatable contact member 34, insulating material 35, the slip ring 36 permanently in electrical communication with the contact 34 and with the brush 37, this brush 37 being electrically connected with conductor 30 which, as above stated, connects with electro-magnet C. Cooperating with this same" switch is the stationary contact or brush 38 which connects by conductor 39 with the stationary contact of brush 40, of another switch or switching mechanism comprising the movable contact 41, the slip ring 42 in permanent electrical communication with it and the brush 43 in permanent electrical communication with the ring 42 and connected by conductor 20 with one terminal of the winding of the electro-magnet A. The conductor 39 extends also to the station ary contact 12 of the vehicle controlled contact mechanism at the right end of the track section or block.

With the movable contact 41 is adapted to co6perate also the stationary contact or brush 44 electrically connected with conductor 32.

At the left end of the block is a red or danger signal, or prohibitive signal, R, which may be an electric lamp whose one terminal is connected by conductor 45 with the conductor 1 and whose other terminal connects by conductor 45 with the stationary contact or brush 46 in constant electrical communication through the slip ring 47 with the movable contact 48 associated with insulating material 49 upon shaft 17. Adapted to bear upon contact 48,0r insulating material 49 is the stationary brush or contact 50 connecting with the continuation of conductor 45 which leads to the movable contact 51 actuated or carried by and prefer ably insulated from the armature 52 of electro-magnet C. This contact 51 normally engages stationary contact 53 with which a continuation of conductor 45 connects, this conductor 45 extending to the other end of the block to one terminal of the signal W, which may be a white or permissive signal lamp whose other terminal connects with earth or return conductor E.

Similarly the red, danger or prohibitive signal R, as a red electric lamp, is disposed at or near the right end of the track section or block and has its one terminal in con nection with the conductor 1 through concluctor 54, while its other terminal connects with a continuation of conductor 54 communicating with the brush or stationary contact 55 in permanent electrical communication through slip ring 56 with the rotatable or movable contact 57 associated with insulating material 58 upon the shaft 17.

Adapted to bear upon this contact 57 or insulating material 58 is a stationary contact or brush 59 which connects with a continuation of conductor 54 with the contact 60 actuated or carried by and preferably insulated from the armature 61 of magnet A. Contact 60 is normally in engagement with the contact 62 which connects with a continuation of conductor 54 extending to one terminal of the white or permissive signal lamp W at the left end of the track section or block, the other terminal of this signal W connecting with earth or return conductor E.

It will be understood that the six switches described are all actuated by the shaft 1'', but suitably insulated from each other, so that'there is no electrical communication through them through the shaft 17.

Upon the shaft 17 is secured the notched wheel 63, and associated with the latter are the armatures 61 and 52 of the electro-magnets A and C respectively, the armature 61 being pivoted at 64 while armature 52 is I pivoted at 65.

It will be understood that the shaft 17 and the switches controlled thereby, together with the electro-magnets A and C constitute one unit or set or signaling apparatus and as such is suflicient for control of the signals at two ends of a track section or block. This, it will be noted, differs from many of the signaling systems commonly employed, in that it is common to have two pieces of signal control apparatus, one at or near each end of a track section or block.

It will be noted further that for the system here described four conductors, other than the trolley wire or other conductor 1, are employed and extend between stations or ends of the block, these four conductors being conductors 45, 54, and the two conductors associated with the vehicle controlled contacting mechanism at both ends of the block.

It will be understood of course that the control apparatus may be located at either end of the track section or block, at any point intermediate the ends of the track section or block, or at any other desired point.

The operation is as follows: 7

With no car or train upon the track section or block the signals 1V, R, W and R are dark or in non-displaying condition, this because the signaling apparatus is in normal condition with the circuits through conductors 45 and 54 interrupted because the brushes 50 and 59 are-on insulating .material 49 and 58.

Assuming movement of a car or train from left toward the right, as by passing from siding or turnout 5 on to the track section or block the movable contact 8 will be moved into temporary engagement with contact 9, whereupon current will flow from conductor 1 through contact 8, which is connected to conductor 1, through contact 9, conductor 13, brush 14, rotatable contact 15, ring 18, brush 19, conductor- 20, winding of electro-magnet A to earth or return conductor E. No current will flow through contact 24 which is also connected with conductor 13 because it is in engagement with insulating material 27 .1 The current so flow-- ing through winding of electro-magnet A energizes the same, causing it to attract its armature 61 upwardly, the armature engaging thenotched wheel 63 and rotating it and the shaft 17 and all the switches attached thereto in a clockwise direction through an angle corresponding, for example, with one notch of the wheel 63. 131%- tro-magnet A being only temporarily energized, because the contact member 8 returns to its normal position after the passageof thecar or train, the armature 61 again drops to the position indicated in the drawing.

Because of this clockwise movement of the rotary switches, insulating material 58 has been withdrawn from engagement with cone tact59 and contact 57 comes into engagement with contact 59 whereupon current will flow from conductor 1, through conductor 54, red light It at the right end of the block, through brush 55, ring 56,'contact 57 contact 59, through contacts 60 and 62, and white light W, at the left end of the block, to earth or return conductor E. We have then the red light R displayed at the right end of the block and the white light W displayed at the left end of the block.

Due to this same clockwise movement of the shaft 17 through the angular space of one notch, insulating members 35 and 41 have moved into engagement with contacts or brushes 33 and 40 respectively, while contacts 34 and 41 have come into engagement with brushes, orcontacts 38 and 44 respectively, for purposes to be hereafter described.

Assuming the car or train to pass over the track section or block and to leave the same 1 engagement with contact 12 whereupon current will pass from conductor 1, through contacts 8 and 12, conductor 39, to brush 38, through rotatable contact 34, now in engagement with brush 38, through ring 36, brush 37, and conductor 30 through wind ing of electro-magnet C, conductor 31, to earth or return conductor E. The electromagnet C is accordingly temporarily energized because contact 8 again leaves contact 12 upon passage of the car or train, and the armature 52 is attracted upwardly rotating the notched wheel 63 in a counterclockwise direction through the angular space of a notch. Accordingly the apparatus has been returned to normal condition, the circuits through the lamps R and W interrupted by separation of contact 57 from contact 59.

Assuming again that a car or train has 'tached thereto have been rotated in a clockwise direction through the space' of one notch and the lamps R and W are glowing. Now assuming that one or more additional cars or trains passes or pass from left to right to the block. In such case each car or train brings the contact 8 into engagement with contact 9 with the result that current passes from conductor 1, through contacts 8 and 9, conductor 13, to brush 14 which continues in engagement with contact 15 because the latter has an angular extent corresponding with many units of movement of shaft 17, through ring 18, brush l9, magnet A to earthE, each additional car or train causing an energization of the magnet A with resultant movement of shaft 17 in clockwise direction a further notch for each car or train passing on to the block. The result is that the circuit of lamps R and W remains energized because of the relatively great angular extent of the contact 57. Now

as the cars pass in succession off the block to the turn-out 7, contacts 8 and 12 are brought into engagement for each car or train with resultant energization of magnet C through brush 38 and contact 34, as above described, so that each car or train passing off the block to the right, the notched wheel 63 is stepped backwardly in counter-clocl wise direction one notch for each car or train so passing out, and withthe passage of the last the apparatus will again be in normal position and the circuit of the lamps R and 1V broken.

In other words the apparatus embodies the car counting principle.

Again assuming a car to enter from the left to the right on to the block, as above described, we have the switches attached to shaft 17 rotated in a clockwise direction one notch and the circuit through lamps R and W closed with consequent display of these signals. Suppose however, instead of passing over the block and off the same at its right end, the car or train backs off the block toward the left as to turn-out or siding 4. In so doing it will bring contact 8 temporarily into engagement with contact 10 whereupon current will flow from conductor 1 through contacts 8 and 10, conductor 22, to brush 25, through contact 26, ring 28, brush 29 and conductor 80 through the winding of magnet C to earth E, thus tem porarily energizing magnet C which attracts its armature and rotates the notched wheel 63 backwardly the space of one notch thus again restoring the apparatus to normal and extinguishing the signals R and W.

Again, assuming one or more cars or trains to have passed from the left to the right on to the block, contact 8 will have been brought into engagement with contact 9 as many times as there are cars or trains which have so passed, and the apparatus will have been rotated through as many notches and the signals R and WV will be displayed. If now a car or train improperly passes the red or stop signal. R and moves from the right toward the left from siding or turnout 6 onto the block, the contact S will be brought temporarily into engagement with contact 11 with the result that current will flow from conductor 1, through contacts 8 and 11, through conductor 32, to brush 4 1, which is now in engagement with contact 41, thence through contact 41, ring a2, brush 4:3, conductor 20, and electro-magnet A to earth E, temporarily energizing magnet A with the result that the notched wheel 63 is stepped around a further notch in a clockwise direction, just as if an additional car had passed from left 1 to the right from turn-out 5 on to the block.

At this stage we have the car counting mechanism in a condition recording or counting one car or train too many, that is, one car or train more than has actually entered the block from the left to the right.

. But if this car or train which has improperly entered the block against the red signal R backs out again from left to right, contacts 8 and 12 are brought into engagement with each other with the result that current flows from conductor 1, through contacts 8 and 12, conductor 39, brush 38, which is now in engagement with contact 34, through contact 34, ring 86, brush 37, conductor 80, through the winding of electro-magnet C, to earth E, temporarily energizing magnet C and causing it to rotate the notched wheel 63 backwardly one notch in counter-clockwise direction, thus restoring the apparatus to its condition or position had or occupied before the improper entry of the car or train into the block against the red signal R. In other words, by the action described, the additional movement of the apparatus upon such improper cuits are symmetrical so that the same operations will follow when cars or trains enter the block from the right toward the left, for all the cases above described where the movements of the cars or trains are assumed to begin from left toward the right.

Each time the electro-magnet A is energized contacts 61 and 62 are separated from each other thereby temporarily breaking the circuit through signals R and \V; similarly each time electro-magnet C is energized contacts 52 and 58 are temporarily separated and the circuit through the signals R and W broken.

This action of breaking the signal circuit after it is completed at the rotary switch for the second and following cars properly entering a block serves 'to temporarily extinguish the signal lights, which indicates to the motorman or driver of the second car or train, or the following ones, that the mechanism has responded to his entry into the block. And the temporary extinction of the red signal indicates to a motorman waiting at the other end of the block that another car has entered from the opposite end.

While I have herein described the signals as electric lights, it is to be understood that lV, R, VW and B may represent electromagnets or any other suitable translating devices which actuate or control disks, semaphores or signals other than electric lights.

As to each signal circuit it will be noted that the red signal is the one of the two which is nearest in its connection to the trolley wire or feeder 1 while the white or permissive signal is the one of the two which is nearest in its connection to the earth or return conductor. If for any reason a ground should occur on the signal wire, as conductor 45, somewhere to the right of the stop signal R, the result would be the short circuiting of the white or permissive signal without extinguishing the red signal R. Accordingly the red or stop signal 1 which is the more important of the two will not be affected by such a ground or short circuit, and such failure or accident to the circuit is such as will leave the circuit in a condition safe to the traffic.

In Fig. 2, the shaft 17 will be understood to be similar to the shaft 17 of Fig. 1, and to be actuated or controlled by magnets and mechanisms similar to that shown in Fig. 1, the shaft 17 being understood also to carry in addition to the switches shown the four lower switches of Fig. '1. And it will be further understood that the mechanism actuating or controlling the shaft 17 is controlled by the vehicle controlled contactors 8 and 8"? 8* cooperating with contacts 10 and 9 with which are connected respectively the conductors 22 and 13*, while with contactor 8 cooperate contacts 11* and 12*- connected to conductors 52 and 39 respectively.

These contactors 8 and 8 may be disposed along any part or section of a railway, as at stations or points between which there is a curve in the track, or under any other circumstance which make signals desirable. But more particularly these contactors 8 and 8 may be disposed between contactors 8 and 8 of a block section of the character described in connection with Fig. 1, it being understood that contactors 8 and 8 of Fig, 2 control apparatus of the character shown in Fig. 1 with signals at or near both the contactors 8 and 8. This additional signaling apparatus between the ends.

oftheblock section serves'to give to the cars. or trains passing over the same, it being remembered that there may be a plurality of cars or trains on the block at the same time moving in the same direction, rear end or other s gnal protection.

Thus at or near the contactor. 8 are signals, such for example as the green lamp G and the red lamp B and at the other station or point near contactor 8', the green lamp G" and the red lamp B The'lamps B and G have one terminal connected to earth or return conductor E while the remaining terminal of the lamp connects by conductor 67 with switch contact or brush 68 normally in contact with the rotatable contact member 69 with which the brush 7O permanently maintains contact, the brush 70 being connected by conductor 71 with the trolley wire or feeder 1. The remaining terminal of the lamp R connects by conductor 72 with the switch contact or brush 73 normally bearing upon the insulating material 74, it being remembered that the members 69 and 7 4: are secured upon the shaft 17. And similarly one terminal of each of the lamps G and R is connected to the earth or return conductor E while the remaining terminal of the lamp Gr connects by conductor 7 1 with a switch contact or brush 7 5 normally in engagement with the rotatable contact member 76 of asecond rotatable switch driven by the shaft l'? and insulated from the switch whose rotatable contact member is 69. The brush 7 7 is connected to conductor 71 and maintains contact with the contact member 76. The other terminal of the lamp R connects by conductor 78 with the switch contact orbrush 7 9.11'ormally bearing upon the insulating material 80.

tactors 8" and S are disposed.

Suppose now that a plurality of cars enter the block from the left toward the right past contactor 8, the shaft 17 of apparatus similar to that in Fig. 1 will control the signal circuits as described in connection with Fig. 1 for displaying the signals at the ends of the block. Now when the first car passes from left to right past the contactor 8" connection will be temporarily made with contact 9 and through conductor 13*, and the apparatus similar to that shown in Fig. 1 will respond by rotating the shaft 17 in a clockwise direction one notch. This will break contact between brush 68 and member 69 and will establish it between member 69 and brush 7 3 with the result that'the green lamp G will be extinguished and the red lamp R will glow, so that a following car in the block will come to a halt before passing the contactor 8*. At the same time the brush 7 5 maintains contact with movable contact 7 6 of the second switch with the result that the green lamp Gr continues to glow while thelamp R does not glow. The car now traverses the distance between 8 and 8 and in passing the latter brings it temporarily into engagement with contact 12 which through conductor 39 controls apparatus similar to that in Fig. 1 to step the shaft 17 backwardly in a counter-clockwise direction one notch restoring the circuits'to the condition shown in Fig. 2, thus extinguishing redlamp R and lighting lamp G, the lamps G and R remaining as before. The second car that has entered the block and come to rest before contactor 8 nowseeing the green lamp Gr" re-lighted and the red lamp R extinguished will pass contact 8 and the same. operation above described will be repeated. In other words the cars by the signaling apparatus described will while upon the block and traveling the same direction thereover be spaced apart or given rear end protection.

The apparatus is symmetrical so that if the traffic is from right toward the left over the block the car from the right will cause the shaft 17 to be rotated in counter-clockwise direction one notch thus interrupting circuit through green lamp G and establishing it through red lamp R and on passing contactor 8 will reset the apparatus.

Itwill be understood that while one pair of contactors as 8 and S are shown between the lamps of the block, that any number of pairs may be provided, particularly if the block is a long one, to give rear end protection to the plurality of cars or trains passing over the block in the same direction.

By the arrangement described in connection with Fig. 2 there will be four conductors extending over the distance between the contactors 8 and 8' two of them being conductors 67, 72, 74:, 78 for the signals, and 22 13 and 32 39 for the control apparatus, it being understood that the mechanism driving the shaft 17 may be placed at any suitable or desired point.

In Fig. 3 the arrangement is the same as shown in Fig. 2 except that one of the conductors for the signal lamps is dispensed with by employment of .an electro-magnet at each of the signal stations.

In this case a single contactor brush (38 cooperates with the upper rotatable switch so that in the normal position shown current will flow from conductor 1 through conductor 71, brush 70, rotatable contact (39, brush 68, conductor 67, through the winding of electro-magnet M to the earth or return conductor E, thus energizing the electromagnet M which accordingly holds its armature 81 in the attracted position whereby current fiows from conductor 1 through conductor 82, armature 81, contact 83, green lamp Gr to earth or return conductor E. WVhen the shaft 17 a is rotated in clockwise direction one notch contact is broken between 68 and 69 with resultant deenergization of magnet M and accordingly its armature 81 drops into engagement with contact 84 thus closing circuit from conductor 1 through the red lamp R to the earth or rcturn conductor E. And the arrangement for lamps Gr and R is symmetrical, the lamp G having one terminal connected to contact 83 while the lamp R has one of its terminals connected to the contact 84? alternately engaged by the armature 81 of the magnet M whose one terminal is connected to earth or return conductor E and whose other terminal connects through conductor 74 with the contact of the lower rotatable switch. Thus a single conductor .67, 74 extends be tween the two signal stations.

The operation is the same as described in connection with Fig. 2 in that a rear end protection is given the cars or trains moving in the same direction over the track.

If desired, in the arrangement of both Figs. 2 and 3 the green lamps G and G may be connected in series or parallel with each other, and the red lamps B and R may be connected in series or in parallel with each other, particularly where trailic is invariably in the same direction over the track protected thereby. In such case of course only one rotatable switch is necessary, and in the case of Fig. 3 only one lamp controlling magnet would be required.

That I claim is:

1. In a signaling system, a signal for each of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals energized from different of said stations, a control switch for each of said signal circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a single electro-magnetic mechanism controlling said signal controlling switches. in unison, and switching mechanism controlled by said electro-magnetic mechanism and through which said vehicle controlled contact mechanism controls said electro-magnetic mechanism.

2. In a signaling system, a signal at each of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals energized from different of said stations, a control switch for each of said signal circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a single step by step mechanism for actuating said signal switches, electro magnets for actuating said step by step mechanism controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, and switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal switches.

8. In a signaling system, a signal at each of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals energized from different of said stations, a control switch for each of said signal circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a single step by step mechanism for actuating said signal switches, electro-magnets for actuating said step by step mechanism in opposite directions controlled bysaid vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, and switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal switches.

4. In a signaling system, a signal at each of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals, a switch controlling each of said circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a pair of electro-magnets each of which is controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said signal controlling switches actuated in unison by said electro-magnets, and a single switching mechanism controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal controlling switches.

5. In a signaling system, a signal at each of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals, a switch controlling each of said circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electromagnets each of which is controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal switches in unison, and a single switching mechanism controlling the circuits of said elcctro-magnets actuated by said electro-mag'nets in unison with said signal control switches.

6. In a signaling system, signals adapted to give different indications at each of sepa rated stations, a signal of one character for one station connected in series in circuitwith a signal of another character at another station, said circuits being independent of each other, a switch for controlling each of said pairs of signals of different characters, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a single switching mechanism, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms through said switching mechanism for actuating said switching mechanism and said signal switches inunison with each other.

7 In :a signaling system, signalsadapted to givedifi'erent indications at each of separated stations, a signal of one character for one station connected in series in circuit with a signal of another character at another station, the two circuits being independent of each other, a switch for controlling each of said pairs of signals of different characters, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a single switching mechanism, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms through said switching mechanism for actuating said switching mechanism and said signal switches in opposite directions in unison with each other.

SJIna signaling system, signals adapted to give different indications at each of separated stations, a signal of one character for one station connected in series in circuit with a signal of another character at another station, the two circuits being independent of eachother, a switch for controlling each ofsaid pairs of signals of diiierent characters, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets controlled by said, vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal switchesin unison with I each other, and switching mechanism controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets actuated by said electro'magnets in unison with saidsignal con trol switches. a

9'. In a signaling system, signals adapted toc ive different indications at each of separated stations, a signal oi one-character for one station connectedin series in circuit with a signal of another character at another station, the two circuitsjbeing independentof each. other, a switch for controlling each of said pairs of signals of different characters, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets con trolled by said vehicle controlled contact.

mechanisms for actuating said signal switches in opposite (lllGCtlQilS in unison with each other, and'sw ftching mechan sm controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control'switches.

10. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal circuit for each of a plurality of separated stations, of e an independent said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets.

.11. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal circuit for each of a plurality of separated stations, of an independent switch controlling each of said circuits,

vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of said stations, electro-magnets each of which is controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms under all operating conditions for actuating said signal circuit switches in unison, and switches actuated in unison with said signal control switches by said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said ele'ctro-magnets, said electro-magnets adapted to operate said switches in opposite directions.

12. In a signalingsystem, the combination with a signal and a circuit therefor, of a switch controlling said signal circuit, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating said signal circuit control switch, switching mechanism controlling said electroanagnets actuated thereby in unison with said signal controlling switch, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism under all operating conditions.

13. In a signaling system, the combination witha signal and a circuit therefor, of a switch controlling said signal circuit, vehicle controlled double throw contact mecha nism at each of separated stations, electromagnets for actuating said signal circuit control switch, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets actuated thereby in unison with said signal controlling switch, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism under all operating conditions, said electro-magnets adapted to actuate said signal controlling switch and sald switching mechanism in op posits directions.

, 14 In a signaling system, the combinat1on.,with a signal, of vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets controlling said signal, switching mechanism controlling said electromagnets and actuated thereby, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-ma gnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of swltches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprlsingamovable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the different contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, and the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively; with said electro-magnets.

15.,In a signaling system, the combination with a signal, of vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets controlling said signal, switchingmechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated thereby, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprisingamovable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the difl'erent contacts of said associated vehi- -cle controlled contact mechanism, the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with said electro-magnets, a stationary contact of each switch of a pair normally in engagement with its cooperating movable contact member, and a connection from said stationary contact to a stationary contact of the other switch of the pair and normally out of engagement with its movable contact member.

16. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal, of vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets controlling said signal, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated thereby, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprising a movable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the difi'erent contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, and the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets adapt-' ed to actuate said switching mechanism in opposite directions.

17. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal, of vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets controlling said signal, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated thereby, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprisng a movable contact mem ber adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the difierent contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with said electro-magnets, a stationary contact of each switch of a pair normally in engagement with its cooperating movable contact member, and a connection from said stationary contact to a stationary contact of the other switch of the pair and normally out of engagement with its movable contact member, said electro-magnets adapted to actuate said switching mechanism in opposite directions.

18. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each or separated stations,- electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms under all operating conditions for actuating said signal circuit control switches, and switches actuated in unison with said signal circuit control switches by said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electromagnets.

19. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms under all operating conditions for actuating said signal circuit control switches, and switches actuated in unison with said signal circuit control switches by said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets adapted to actuate said switches in opposite directions.

20. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, vehicle controlled double throw contact mech anism at each of separated stations, electromagnets for actuating said signal circuit control switches, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets' actuated thereby in unison with said signal circuit controlling switches, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electromagnets through said switching mechanism under all operating conditions.

21. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated sta tions, switches controlling said circuits, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electromagnets for actuating said signal circuit control sivitches,switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets actuated thereby in unison with said signal circuit con-' trolling switches,,said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling, said electromagnets through said switching mechanism under all operating conditions, said electro-v magnets adaptedto actuate said signal con-,

trolling switches and said switching mechanism in opposite directions.-

22 In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, vehiclecontrolled double throw contact incohanism at each, of separated stations, electromagnets for actuating said signal circuit control switches, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets actuated therebyuin unison withsaid signal-circuit controllingswitches, said vehicle controlled. contact mechanisms controlling said electroinagnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair' of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprising a movable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the different contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, and themovable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively withsaid electro-magnets.

2 3. Ina signaling system, ,a signal con trolling circuit for each of separated stations,, switches controlling; said circuits, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electromagnets, for actuating said signal circuit control switches, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets actuatedthere livhiniunison with sa d signal circuit con trolling switches, said vehicle controlled contactxmechanisms controlling said electro magnets through said switching mechanism, saidswitching mechanism compr sing a pair of switchesassociated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprising a movable contact member adaptedto engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the different contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with. sa1delectro-niagnets,a stationary contact of each switch of a pair normally in engage- :rent with its cooperating movable contact member, and a connection from said stationary contact to a stationary contact of the otliei'f switch of the pair and normally out of engagement with its movable contact member 24. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, ve-

hicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electromagnets for actuating said signal circuit control switches, switching vmechanism controlling said electro-magnets actuated thereby in unison with said signal controlling switches, said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprising a movable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the difierent contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets adapted to actuate said signal circuit controlling switches and said switching mechanism in opposite directions.

, mechanism controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of, a pair comprising a movable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the different contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, and

themovable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with said electro-magnets, a stationarycontact of each switch of a pair normally in engagement with its cooperating movable contact member, aconnection from said stationary contact to a stationary contact of the other switch of the pair andnormally'out of engagement with its movable contact member, said electro-magnetsadapted to actuate said signal circuit controlling switch and said switching mechanism in opposite directions.

26. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal, of vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at eachof separated stations, electro-magnets controlling said signal, switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated thereby, said vehicle controlled contact mechanism controlling said electro-magnets through said switching mechanism, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of switches associated with each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, each switch of a pair comprising a -movable contact member adapted to engage one or another of stationary contacts connected respectively with the different contacts of said associated vehicle controlled contact mechanism, and the movable contact members of said pair of switches connected respectively with said electro-magnets, said switches of the different pairs adapted to be moved in opposite directions by said electro-magnets by initial movements of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms by vehicles moving in opposite directions. v

27. In a signaling system, a signal, vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of separated stations, step by step mechanism controlling said signal, electro-magnets for actuating said step by step mechanism, and switching mechanism actuated by said step by step mechanism cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said electro-magnets,

said switching mechanism in normal position permitting energization of each of said electro-ma-gnets by any of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electro-magnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms reversing the control of said electro-magnets by another of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

28. In a signaling system, a signal, vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of separated stations, step by step mechanism controlling said signal, electro-magnets for actuating said step by step mechanism, and switching mechanism actuated by said step by step mechanism cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanism in controlling said electro-magnets, said switching mechanism in normal position permitting energization of each of said electro-magnets by any of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said ,electro-magnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms interchanging said electro-magnets in the control exercised by another of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

29. In a signaling system, a signal, vehicle controlled double throw contact mecha nism for each of separated stations, stepby-step mechanism controlling said signal, electro-magnets for actuating said step by step mechanism and switching mechanism actuated by said step by step mechanism cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said electromagnets, said switching mechanism in normal position permitting energization of each of said electro-magnets by any of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electro-magnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms reversing the control of said electromagnets by another of said 'vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

30. In a signaling system, a signal, vehicle controlled double throw contact mech anism for each of separated stations, step by step mechanism controlling said signal, electro-magnets for actuating said step -by-step mechanism, and switching mechanism actuated by said step-by-step mechanism cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said electro-magnets, said switching mechanism in normal position permitting energization of each of said electro-magnets by any of said vehicle controlled cohtact mechanisms, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electro-mag nets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms interchanging said electro-magnets in the control exercised by another of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

31. In a signaling system, a signal for each of separated stations, mechanically connected switches for controlling said signals, vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating said signal controlling switches, switching mechanism mechanically connected with said switches cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets actuating said switching mechanism in unison with said signal controlling switches, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electro-magnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms interchanging said electromagnets in their relations with another of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

32. In a signaling system, a signal for each of separated stations, switches for controlling said signals, vehicle controlleddouble throw contact mechanism for each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating said signal controlling switches, swltching mechanism mechanically connected with said switches cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets actuating said switching mechanism in unison with said signal controlling switches, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electromagnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms interchanging said elecmagnetsin theirrelations with anotherof said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms,

said switching mechanism comprising two switches for each electro-magnet, one of said switches for each magnet having contacts connected with thecontacts of one of said": vehicle controlled contact mechanisms,

and the other of said switches for each magnet having contacts connected with the contacts of another vehicle controlled contact mechanism. J

34. In a signaling eachmof separated stations, means for con trolling said signals, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism for each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating' said signal controlling means, switching mechanism cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanism in con trolling said electro-magnets, said electromagnets actuating said switching mechanismin unison with said signal controlling means, said switching mechanism upon ins itial actuation by one of said electro-magnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms interchanging said electro-magnets in their relations with another of said vehicle controlled contact mecha nisms, said switching mechanism comprising two switches for each electro-magnet, one'of said switches for each vmagnet having con tacts connected withthe contacts of one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, and the other of said switches for each magnethaving contacts connected with the con tacts of another vehicle controlled contact mechanism.

35. In a signaling system, a signal, means for controlling the same, vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating said signal controlling means, switching mechanism qmechanically connected with said means cooperating with said vehicle controlledwcontact mechanisms in controlling said electro-magnets, said electrounagnets actuat1ng,-sa1d switchmg mechan sm 1n.

unisonwith said signal controlling means, said switching mechanism in normal posisystem, a signal for tionplacing said electro-magnets under control of said vehicle controlled contactmechanisms, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electro-ma'gnets through one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms substituting said one,

of said electro-magnets for another of said electro-magnets with respect to another of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

- 36. In a signaling system, asignal, means for controlling the same, vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating said signal controlling means, switching mechanism cooperating with said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said 'electro-magnets, said electro-magnets actuating said switching mechanism in unison with said signal controlling means, said switching mechanism in normal position placing said electro-magnets under control of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by one of said electro-magnetsthrough one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms substituting said one of said electro-magnets for another of said electro-magnets with respect to another of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switching mechanism when further actuated by said one electro-magnet maintaining connection between said other of said electromagnets and said other of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

87. In a signaling system, a signal, means for controlling the same, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism for each of separated stations, electro-magnets, switching mechanism mechanically connected with said means cooperating with saidwehicle controlled contact mechanisms in controlling said electro-magnets, said electromagnets adapted to actuate said switching mechanism in unison with said signal controlling means in opposite directions,lsaid switchingmechanism in normal I positionconnecting each of said electro-magnets with a contactof each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switchingmechanism' upon initial actuation by one of said. electro-magnets maintaining the normal connections between said electro magnets and the contacts of one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms and reversing. the connections of said electromagnets with the contacts of the other of .said vehicle controlledcontact mechanisms.

38'. In a signaling system, a signal, means for. controlling the same, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets, switchingmechanism cooperating with said'vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for control-' ling said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets adapted to actuate said signal controlling means and said switching mechanism in unison with each other in opposite directions, said switching mechanism in normal position connecting each of said electro-magnets with a contact of each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, one of said electro-magnets controlled by one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in response to vehicle movement in one direction and the other of said electro-magnets controlled by the other of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms by vehicle movement in opposite direction said switching mechanism upon initial actuation by either of said electro-magnets maintaining the connections of said electro-magnets with said vehicle controlled contact mechanism controlling said initial actuation and reversing the connections of said electro-magnets with respect to the other vehicle controlled contact mechanism.

39. In a signaling system, a signal for each of a plurality of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals, a switch controlling each of said signals, means mechanically connecting said switches, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of said stations, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal switches in unison, and switching mechanism mechanically connected with said signal switches controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control switches.

40. In a signaling system, a signal for each of a plurality of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals, a control switch for each of said signals, means mechanically connecting said switches, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of said stations, a single step-by-step mechanism for actuating said signal controlling switches, electro-magnets for actuating said step-bystep mechanism controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, and switch ing mechanism mechanically connected with said signal control switches controlling said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control switches.

41. In a signaling system, a signal for each of a plurality of separated stations, a control switch for each of said signals, double-throw vehicle controlled contact mechanismv at each of said stations, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said switches, and a single switching mechanism common to said stations mechanically connected with said switches controlling the circuits of said elcctro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control switches, said switching mechanism comprising a double-throw switch for each of said electro-magnets, said double-throw switch having a pair of contacts connected respectively with a pair of contacts of one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

42. In a signaling system, a signal for each of a plurality of separated stations, a control switch for each of said signals, double-throw vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of said stations, electro-mag nets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said switches, a single switching mechanism common to said stations mechanically connected with said switches controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control switches, said switching mechanism comprising a pair of double-throw switches for each of said electro-magnets, a pair of contacts of one of said double-throw switches connected to the contacts of the vehicle controlled contact mechanism at one station, and a'pair of contacts of the other of said double-throw switches connected with the contacts of the vehicle controlled contact mechanism at another of said stations.

43. In a signaling system, a signal for each of a plurality of separated stations, a control switch for each of said signals, double-throw vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of said stations, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said switches, switching mechanism mechanically connected with said switches controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control switches, said switching mechanism comprising a double-throw switch for each of said electro-magnets, said doublethrow switch having a pair of contacts connected respectively with a pair of contacts of one of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, and a second double-throw switch for each of said magnets actuated in unison with said switches and connected in parallel with the double-throw switch of the other of said electro-magnets.

44:. The combination with vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, of a single car counting mechanism actuated by the entry of a car into or departure from the track section between said stations under all operating conditions, said mechanism comprising a single step-by-step mechanism only and electromagnets for actuating the same, and switching mechanism through which said electromagnets are controlled by said vehicle con trolled contact mechanisms actuated by said electro-magnets with said step-by-step mechamsm.

for actuating said stepby-step mechanism,

and switching mechanism actuated by said electro-magnets and controlling the circuits ofsaid electro magnets through said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said step-bystep mechanism being actuated by the entry of a carinto or'departure from the track section between said stations under'all operating conditions;

4B} In a signaling system, signaling means, vehicle, controlled contact mechanism at each offseparated stations controlling said sign'a ling means, a single, successive position electromagnetic mechanism only, said mechanism comprising a movable member and electro magnets for actuating the same, and switching mechanism actuated by saidelectro magnets in unison with said movable member and controlling said electro-magnets through said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said step-by-step mechanism being actuated by the entry of a car into or departure from the track section between said stations under all operating conditions.

4 7. 111 a' signaling system, the combination witha block section, offi ehicle controlled contact] mechanism" for" opposite ends of saidfiblock, signaling .means, a single'successive position electro-magnetic mechanism only, said'mechanism comprising a movable member and electro-magnets for actuating the same, and switching mechanism actuatedby said electro-magn'ets in unison with said movable member and controlling said clectro-magnets through said vehicle controlled contact mechani'ms,said electro-magneticwmechanism being actuated by entry of a car into or departure from said block under all operating conditions.

48., The combination with double-throw vehicle" controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, of a car counting mechanism comprising a step-by-step mechanism and electroanagnets for actuating the same, and switching mechanism through which said electro-magnets are controlled by each of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in all positions of said switching mechanism and said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms, said switching mechanism being always actuated by said electromagnets in unison with said step-by-step mechanism. 4

49. In a signaling system, signaling means, double-throw vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a step-by-step mechanism controlling said signaling means, electro-magnets for actuating said ,step-by-step mechanism, and

switching mechanism actuatediby said electro-magnets in unison with said step-by-step mechanism and controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets through said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms in all positions of said switching mechanisms and said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms.

50. In a signalingsystem, a signal for each of a plurality of separated stations, in dependent circuits for said signals, a switch controlling each of said signals, means mechanically connecting said switches, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of said stations, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal switches in unison, switching mechanism mechanically connected with said signal switches controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets and actuated by said electro-magnets in unison with said signal control switches, and an additional switch in each of said circuits, said last mentioned switches being controlled by said electro-magnets respectively.

; 51. In a signaling system, a signalfor each of separated stations, independent circuits for said signals energized from difiierent of said stations, a control switch for each of said signal circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each of separated stations, a single 'electro-magnetic mechanism controlling said signal controlling switches in unison, switching mechanism controlled by said electro-magnetic mechanism and through which said vehicle controlled contact mechanism controls said electro-magnetic mechanism, a'ndan additional switch in each of said circuits, said additional switches being operated by said electro-magnetic mechanism, to cause a break in one of said circuits at each energization of said electromagnetic mechanism.

52. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal circuit for each of a plurality of separated stations, of an independent switch controlling each of said circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism for each of said stations, electro-magnets each of which is controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal circuit switches in unison, switches actuated in unison with said signal control switches by said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets, said electro-magnets adapted to operate said switches in opposite directions, and a second switch in each of said signal circuits, said last mentioned switches being controlled by said electro-magnets respectively, whereby at each energization of one of said electro-magnets the corresponding one of said circuits is opened.

53. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit tor each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, ve-

hicle controlled contact mechanism at each 130 of separated stations, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal c1rcuit control switches, switches actuated in unison with said signal circuit control switches by said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets, and a second switch in each of said signal controlling circuits, said last mentioned switches being controlled by said electro-magnets respectively, whereby upon, each momentary actuation of said electro-magnets by closure of said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms'the corresponding signal controlling circuit will be opened.

54:. In a signaling system, the combination with a signal circuit for each of a plurality of separated stations, of switches for controlling said circuits, vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism for each of said stations, electro-magnets each of which is controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanism for actuating said signal circuit switches in unison, and switches actuated in unison with said signal control switches by said electro'magnets controlling the circuits of said electrdmagn'ets, each of said double throw contact mechanisms in either of its positions always controlling one of said electromagnets.

55. The combination with a vehicle controlled switch at eachot separated stations, of a car counting mechanism actuated by the entry of a car into or departure from the track section between said stations under all operating conditions, said mechanism comprising a single step-by-step mechanism only and electro-magnets for actuating the same, and auxiliary switches controlling said electro-magnets in conjunction with said vehicle controlled switches, each auxiliary switch controlling said electro-magnets in conjunction with the vehicle controlled switch at one only of said stations.

56. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, dou ble throw vehicle controlled contact mecha nism at each station, electro-magnets controlled by said double throw contact mecha nisms for actuating said signal control switches, and switches actuated in unison with said signal circuit control switches by said electro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets, each of said double throw vehicle controlled contact mechanisms always controllingv one of said electro-magnets when in one position and the other of said electro-magnets when in theother position. a

57. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, vehicle controlled contact mechanism at each station, electro-magnets controlled by said vehicle controlled contact mechanisms for actuating said signal circuit control switches, and auxiliary switches actuated by said also tro-magnets controlling the circuits of said electro-magnets, the electro-magnets being controlled by one of said vehicle controlled mechanisms through part only of said auxiliary switches and by the other of said vehicle controlled mechanisms through different of said auxiliary switches. 58. In a signaling system, a signal controlling circuit for each of separated stations, switches controlling said circuits, a vehicle controlled double throw contact mechanism at each of separated stations, electro-magnets for actuating said signal circuit control switches, auxiliary switching mechanism controlling said electro-magnets and actuated thereby in unison with said signal circuit controlling switches, each of said vehicle controlled double throw mechanisms in conjunction with said auxiliary switching mechanism always controlling one of said electro-magnets when in one of its positions and another of said electro-magnets when in the other of its positions.

59. In a signaling system, a vehicle controlled switch at each of separated stations, electro-magnets, a pair of similar auxiliary switching mechanisms controlling said electro-magnets andactuated by said electro magnets in unison, circuits for energizing said electro-magnets respectively and including the switch contacts of said auxiliary switching mechanisms and said vehicle 0011- trolled switches, each of said auxiliary switching mechanisms controlling both of said electro-magnets.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto aflixed my signature in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

CARL P. NACHOD.

In the presence of- NELLIE B. EVANS, A. S. MARSH.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. 0. 

